Thoughts about the human sciences Reasoning or logic to continue the addition. Many of the flow of knowledge or understand the logic, including Analytic, rasionalitasme, empiricism, modernism, dialectics, the logic of mathematics, and many more. Understand that between one and the other is against each other and others who have the same basic concept. However, although the contrary,not to be mutual. Thus a number of methods that have been introduced by leaders such as Aristoteles, Al-Farabi, Descartes, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, George Boole, etc, we can choose the way with the issues faced. Between one and understand that others can be mutual support. Classical logic suitable for a simple issue, empiricism to explore sciencesin nature, rasionalitasme that help the understanding, the issue of dialectics to the complex, etc.The efforts have been made to create a method Reasoning (logic) that mangkus and sangkil.Once through the process long,was born logic method is used to present. One is symbolic logic or the logic of mathematics.Curiously, these methods, the fundamentally, no different from the concept that Aristoteles introduced by around two thousand years ago.
The History of Logic :
1.(Logic Classic) Aristoteles 300 BC
Human first standardize the process reasoning or logic is Aristoteles. Logic Aristoteles is a deductive system of thought (deductive reasoning), who even to this day is still considered as the basis of each lesson on formal logic (formal Logic). Analytic science is based on the logic that premises are assumed true. Either the basic concept of logic is Aristotle syllogism.
2.Plato Rasionalitasme
Rationalism (Latin ratio, "reason") appears in some form in nearly every level of philosophy, Western theology, but generally this Rationalism identified with the tradition that stems from the 17th century by the philosopher and intellectual Francis, René Descartes "I think, I mean there." (René Descartes (1598-1650)) These can be defined, everything can be if it can be properly made or logic Reasoning prove the truth. That is the basic idea of rasionalitasme understand. René Descartes was wrong a pioneer understand Rasionalitasme. Rationalism the knowledge gained through sensory is as low if compared with dignity with the knowledge that is obtained through subterfuge, because from the sensory experience can be deceptive and not have certainty. Before Descartes, Plato is actually raised the idea of Rationalism. According to Plato, in of the world, there are natural-natural ideas that sources of knowledge. Plato said that the soul before entering the human nature he is on this Worlds of ideas and thoughts that the human comes from God.
3.Empiricism Hume
Entering the Rennaissanse (14-16 century M), born understand empiricism. David Hume (1611-1776), stated that the only source for obtain the knowledge or experience is, in other words, the experiment. With the parties Empirisis to win the existence of existing on the natural human (innate knowledge). Empirisisme to understand, the knowledge that legitimate from the experience of sensory and also passed through. Empiricism provide enough impetus to the development of the the world of science and technology.
4.Immanuel Kant Century modernism
Differences between empiricism and try Rasionalitasme middle road taken by Immanuel Kant. Immanuel Kant to submit a synthesis pripori. According to him, knowledge that is sourced from and the empirical ratio, which is a pripori and a posteriori. As an illustration, we see a objects because we see eye to the object These (Rasionalitasme) and such reflect rays to our eyes (empiricism).
5. Aristoteles dialectics
In contrast with the classical logic or also known analitika with the term, came from dialekta proposition-proposition that is still questionable truth. Dialectics basic idea is came from Aristoteles in paper. He mentioned the ten categories Reasoning that building or the logic of dialectics, namely: the substance, quantity, quality, relationships, place, time, position, situation, action, and desire.
6.Logic Mathematics
Symbolic logic is the science of basic conclusions the legitimate (legitimate), especially the developed with the use of methods of mathematics and with the help of symbols so special avoid a possible meaning Dual language from day-to-day (Frederick B. Fitch in the book "Symbolic Logic"). Symbolic logic also known as the term logic mathematics. Mathematical Reasoning make logic more effective and clear, but the concept is still follow the logic of science already exists. So even though this logic was born in the 19th century M, the concept is still basically the same as the classical logic Aristotle (384 - 322 BC). However, once again, explain the logic of symbolic logic with more array. Development and discussions continue do not change the basic concept that is there. So reasonable if Cohen and Nagel, in their book "An Introduction to Logic and the Scientific Method”.Logic middle school better known by the formal term Logic. Logic formal basic ideas summarized in three laws or principles,and called as follows:
1) The law of identity
2) The law of contradiction
3) The law of the excluded middle
study of literature:
1.http://www.marxist.com/science/logicandd
2.www.geocities.com/tiangbendera/KAJIA
3.http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-
4.http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/cour
5.http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristoteles
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