Closing sentence

My name ANIF ARDHIANSYAH with NIM: 08301244027, Yogyakarta State University student in 2008 has completed the course in the History of Mathematics semester 1.

The activities that I do in studying the History of Mathematics subjects, among others:
1. followed the lecture Dr.Marsigit on every Monday to 4 hours in the room 108 moved to 209 rooms.
2. find their own materials with browsing the Internet.
3. find their own materials with exchange of browsing with a friend.
4. read books about the history.

After the lecture is, I hope that as this method of learning needs to be improved in terms of the quality of the English language, because there are many difficulties in writing an article in the English language so that the ideas that have been saved can not be written.
I thank you on the guidance and direction as a lecturer Dr.Marsigit subjects History Mathematics

Two-stage study of mathematics.

Learn about the history we can be for 2 phases. Phase 1 contains the History of Mathematics based on geography and Phase 2 includes the History of Mathematics based on the figures.
Phase 1 of geography as follows:
1.MESOPOTAMIA
In this area have been found numbers on the first time with a writing system based on the location of a number. At those times, Mesopotamia not recognize the number 0. Progress in the field with geometry is able to calculate the area and volume forms of geometry.
2.BABILONIA
In this area have been found and the rational number with a decimal system based on the writing system decimal number that has not perfect. At those times, Babilonia not know the number 0 and number negative. Progress in the field with gemetri is on astronomy. Algebra developing very well with the square dipecahkannya equality and dignity 3.
3.EGYPT KUNO
In this area have been found in the form of an image that bergorak aditif writing system with a system based on multiple 10. At those times, Ancient Egypt, the number 0 as a place that is empty but not recognize the negative . Progress in the field with gemetri is on astronomy.
4.GREECE KUNO
In this area are not usually found with the calculation of the system based on algebraic systems that are less developed. At the time of the Ancient Greeks knew the number 0 as the empty place. Progress in the field with gemetri is on astronomy. Greece people able to distinguish the relationship between abstract art and the number of pratelis.
5.INDIA
In this region recognize the negative and irrasional based on the system. At those times, the numbers from 0 to India as a place that is empty. There is no progress in the field marked with gemetri with no development postulat. Aritmetika be solved with the separation of funds totalize geometrical progression and arithmetic progression in solving trade issues.
6.CHINA
In this region recognize the numbers from 1 - 10 with the written word and used the symbol of the system with short multiplier 10. At those times, the numbers from 0 to India as a place that is empty. There is no progress in the field marked with gemetri with no development postulat.

Phase 2 of figures as follows:
1.THALES
Matematikawan the first to find theorems ago described more clearly by euclides. Thales laying the foundations of mathematics as applied science. DAla the geometry, Thales use geometry as a tool for solving problems such as pyramid altitude, long distance and shadows ship. Thales found that the angle of the triangle base is as big samakaki.
2.PYTAGORAS
Phytagoras is the first spark and postilat axiom in the geometry. People who first proved the universal truth Pythagoras theorems. Pythagoras does not recognize the number irrasional.
3.EUCLIDES
Euclides is revealed that Mr. Geometri number theory and geometry. His masterpiece is the book "The Element"
4.ARCHIMEDES
Archimedes used in calculating the number phi wide circle. Geomerti on paper is about three-dimensional globe and the cylinder.

The findings of he task before the exams

Learn about the history of requiring a lot of fundamental understanding of what will be learned, one of history will be discussed here is about the history of mathematics. In order to fulfill the task of the last subjects of mathematics history this semester, there are some questions to be answered with the approach and understanding that have been examined from various sources, especially from internet.The questions to define the concept of mathematics, the mathematics, or settlement mathematics is as follows:

1.What can I find the concept of mathematics, the mathematics, or mathematics in the settlement of the ancient era until now still in used?
2. What can I find the concept of mathematics, the mathematics, mathematics or the settlement of the ancient times until now that is not used?
3. What can I find the concept of mathematics, the mathematics, mathematics or a settlement is not related to mathematics in the old times?

The answers to questions above will be a paragraph with some details:
1. I find the concept of mathematics, the mathematics, or mathematics in the settlement of the ancient era until now still in used:

a.Pascal Triangle
Blaise Pascal at the age of 30 years, he was preparing the arithmetic triangle that is still up to now we know.

b. Coordinates Cartesius

Coordinates Cartesius initially appear by René Descartes. Coordinates Cartesius there have absis ordinate. Coordinates Cartesius use this term coordinates, absis, ordinate and introduced by Leibniz. René Descartes position can also be a drawing point. The method used is to choose a fixed line (later called soon: X axis) and a fixed line the other (soon called the Y axis). The position of point P is defined with how to measure the distance from the point of the second fixed line. Now referred to as a system of coordinates with the axis X and Y axis defined mutual berpotong upright. Proximity to the point P X axis is the same as the long line penggal projections point P on the axis X. This distance is called absis. Proximity to the point P Y axis is the same as the long line penggal projections point P on the axis Y. This distance is called ordinate. Absis ordinate point P and written as P (x, y). P (x, y) coordinates called point P. In fact, the system of coordinates that is now you know the new introduced by Leibniz, 1992. Forty years after Rene died. But basically Deskartes thought of this. For the system of coordinates services such coordinate system is called cartesius.

c. the invention of Pierre de Fermat

Some examples of thoughts that are associated with the arithmetic:
1. If the prime p and also a prime number which is located in front of a valid food p ^ (p-1) - 1 is the number that can be shared with the p. This statement was found in a letter relationship with Frénicle de Berry, dated 18 October 1640. The statement that without verification. Soon, the new evidence found after the next one hundred years, the year 1738 by Euler.
2. If p is a prime odd number then there is only one way write it in the form of square difference of two numbers that can be written as different. And belted: p = [(p +1) / 2) ^ 2 - [(p-1) / 2) ^ 2. Because p is a prime number is just the factor p or 1. So (x + y) = p and (x - y) = 1. and x = (p + 1) / 2 and y = (p - 1) / 2.
3. Numbers in the prime 4n + 1 can be written down the number of square two other.For example 5 = 2 ^ 2 + 1 ^ 2; 13 = 3 ^ 3 + 2 ^ 2; 17 = 4 ^ 2 + 1 ^ 2 and so on. This theory is found in mail to Mersenne dated 25 December 1640. In the year 1754 issued by the new Euler.
4. He stated that there is only one solution of equation x ^ 2 + 2 = y ^ 3. This statement was written in a letter to the challenge a mathematician UK. The answer is x = 5, y = 3. He also included other challenges, namely: x ^ 2 + 4 = y ^ 3.
5. There is no positive number x, y, z satisfy the x ^ 4 + y ^ 4 = z ^ 2.

d. Prima Mersenne Numbers and Perfect Numbers

Mersenne Numbers Prima is the paper's Marin Mersenne. Prima Mersenne Numbers form 2 ^ p - 1. We have the perfect number (Pythagorean). Perfect number is a number that is also a number of factors. For example, the number 6 is perfect for 6 = 1 +2 +3, the number 1, 2, and 3 are factors from 6.Mersenne make the relationship between Mersenne prime number with the number Perfect. If 2 ^ p - 1 is the prime number (2 ^ (p-1)) (2 ^ p - 1) is a perfect number. Prima Mersenne Numbers for 4253 = p is a prime number that was first known as the 1000 which consists of a number.

e. Numbers π (Pi) = 3.14

Phi (π) is a small letter from the writings Greek, many versions of the value about this numbers , but we used is now 3.14 from about 2245 years ago, Archimedes was trying to calculate. He found the price is between 223/71 and 22 / 7 with two decimal he states that π = 3.14.Although Archimedes, around 2,155 years ago from Alexandria Claudius Ptolemeus calculate π this price. He found π = 3.1416. He table long bow to make a circle by foot center of the large corner 1o. Long bow when multiplied by 360 so the price is the same as the length around the circle. Next, the price divided by the long diameter of the circle, the price π. On the other hand, the Asia also has calculated that the price is π. These include scientists from China, Tsu Ch'ung Chih. He divides 355 with 113. Results is 3.1415929. This is done around 2485 years ago. In India, Hindu scientists, Aryabhata, in 2535 years ago, the 62 832 / 20 000 = 3.1416.Then, in the year 1150, Bhaskhara, Inda again calculate the results for 3927/1250. The result is price π. So forth, many scientists are tempted to find the price of Phi is the most appropriate. In the year 1961, Wrench and Daniel Shanks, of Washington DC Phi is still calculating the price of the machine-IBM 7090. They find the price of Phi very carefully. The number is 100 265 number on the back of a comma.

f. Pythagoras theorem

This theorem states that c2 = a2 + b2, this proposition prove by Pythagoras universal respect for, so he then called Evidence Pythagoras.

2. I can find about the concept of mathematics, the mathematics, or mathematics in the settlement of the ancient era until now not used:
a. the number π (Pi) = 3.16
Phi (π) is one of the small hurup any posts from the Greek, the concept of π is still used to this but the value of π has changed with the new findings.

3. I have not found the concept of mathematics, the mathematics, mathematics or a settlement is not related to mathematics in ancient times.

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