Subject of Philosophy Mathemetic

In the era of modern times, this philosophy of science as knowledge that can change the paradigm of thinking human development. This is because the nature of critical thinking that is done not with the exception of the philosophers, or scientists, philosophers of science and mathematics are able to bring ideas and methods learning. Therefore, the general philosophy and the philosophy of mathematics in history are complementary. Philosophy of mathematics-about mutual concern with the functions and structure theories mathematic.theory-theory is freed from speculative assumptions or metaphysical.Philosopher mathematics, which is known Phytates, Plato, Aristotle, Leibniz and Kant. The thoughts or their views on the science of mathematics, namely:

1.Plato views

For Plato the important task is to distinguish rationally view (appearance) from reality (the fact) that truthfully. According to the provisions of eternal / permanent, free only to be understood is a characteristic statements of mathematics. Plato believes that there are objects of the game, certain free you from thinking that a "one", "two", "three" and so forth. For Plato Mathematics is not the idealization certain aspects of the empirical but as a description of the reality.

2.Aristotheles
Aristotheles rejected the distinction between Plato the world of ideas that call reality truth, emphasizing Aristotheles find 'the world of ideas' and is a permanent reality of the' abstraction 'from the' what 'that appears.

3.Leibniz
Leibniz agree with Aristhoteles, that every proposition in the last analysis, subject-predicate form. Leibniz concept of pure mathematics field of study with very different views and aristotheles Plato because all he can say that the proposition-proposition is a need to correct for all items, all events that may be, or by using the this phrase'in all the world may be'.

4.Kant
Kant's proposition to divide into three classes
a.Proposition analytical
b.Proposition synthetic
c.Proposition pure arithmetic and geometry.

5.Phytates
Phytates doctrine that, among other phenomena that appear to have different mathematics Representative identical (light, magnets, electricity, can have the same differential equation).For further development of the philosophy of mathematics also penetrated to the education philosophy of mathematics will be discussed before but to the philosophy of mathematics education we will first discuss the philosophy of education.Philosophy of education is thought- philosophy thinking about education. Concentre can in the process of education, science can be on education. If the importance of the education process, which is discussed ideals, forms and methods and results of the learning process. If the importance of science education, which then became the center of attention is the concept, ideas and methods used in the assessment science education. Philosophy of mathematics education, including the process of discussing the philosophy of mathematics education.

study or literature :http://naythea.multiply.com/journal/item/29/Antara_Matematika_dan_Filsafat

The history of logic

Thoughts about the human sciences Reasoning or logic to continue the addition. Many of the flow of knowledge or understand the logic, including Analytic, rasionalitasme, empiricism, modernism, dialectics, the logic of mathematics, and many more. Understand that between one and the other is against each other and others who have the same basic concept. However, although the contrary,not to be mutual. Thus a number of methods that have been introduced by leaders such as Aristoteles, Al-Farabi, Descartes, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, George Boole, etc, we can choose the way with the issues faced. Between one and understand that others can be mutual support. Classical logic suitable for a simple issue, empiricism to explore sciencesin nature, rasionalitasme that help the understanding, the issue of dialectics to the complex, etc.The efforts have been made to create a method Reasoning (logic) that mangkus and sangkil.Once through the process long,was born logic method is used to present. One is symbolic logic or the logic of mathematics.Curiously, these methods, the fundamentally, no different from the concept that Aristoteles introduced by around two thousand years ago.

The History of Logic :
1.(Logic Classic) Aristoteles 300 BC

Human first standardize the process reasoning or logic is Aristoteles. Logic Aristoteles is a deductive system of thought (deductive reasoning), who even to this day is still considered as the basis of each lesson on formal logic (formal Logic). Analytic science is based on the logic that premises are assumed true. Either the basic concept of logic is Aristotle syllogism.

2.Plato Rasionalitasme

Rationalism (Latin ratio, "reason") appears in some form in nearly every level of philosophy, Western theology, but generally this Rationalism identified with the tradition that stems from the 17th century by the philosopher and intellectual Francis, René Descartes "I think, I mean there." (René Descartes (1598-1650)) These can be defined, everything can be if it can be properly made or logic Reasoning prove the truth. That is the basic idea of rasionalitasme understand. René Descartes was wrong a pioneer understand Rasionalitasme. Rationalism the knowledge gained through sensory is as low if compared with dignity with the knowledge that is obtained through subterfuge, because from the sensory experience can be deceptive and not have certainty. Before Descartes, Plato is actually raised the idea of Rationalism. According to Plato, in of the world, there are natural-natural ideas that sources of knowledge. Plato said that the soul before entering the human nature he is on this Worlds of ideas and thoughts that the human comes from God.

3.Empiricism Hume

Entering the Rennaissanse (14-16 century M), born understand empiricism. David Hume (1611-1776), stated that the only source for obtain the knowledge or experience is, in other words, the experiment. With the parties Empirisis to win the existence of existing on the natural human (innate knowledge). Empirisisme to understand, the knowledge that legitimate from the experience of sensory and also passed through. Empiricism provide enough impetus to the development of the the world of science and technology.

4.Immanuel Kant Century modernism

Differences between empiricism and try Rasionalitasme middle road taken by Immanuel Kant. Immanuel Kant to submit a synthesis pripori. According to him, knowledge that is sourced from and the empirical ratio, which is a pripori and a posteriori. As an illustration, we see a objects because we see eye to the object These (Rasionalitasme) and such reflect rays to our eyes (empiricism).

5. Aristoteles dialectics

In contrast with the classical logic or also known analitika with the term, came from dialekta proposition-proposition that is still questionable truth. Dialectics basic idea is came from Aristoteles in paper. He mentioned the ten categories Reasoning that building or the logic of dialectics, namely: the substance, quantity, quality, relationships, place, time, position, situation, action, and desire.

6.Logic Mathematics

Symbolic logic is the science of basic conclusions the legitimate (legitimate), especially the developed with the use of methods of mathematics and with the help of symbols so special avoid a possible meaning Dual language from day-to-day (Frederick B. Fitch in the book "Symbolic Logic"). Symbolic logic also known as the term logic mathematics. Mathematical Reasoning make logic more effective and clear, but the concept is still follow the logic of science already exists. So even though this logic was born in the 19th century M, the concept is still basically the same as the classical logic Aristotle (384 - 322 BC). However, once again, explain the logic of symbolic logic with more array. Development and discussions continue do not change the basic concept that is there. So reasonable if Cohen and Nagel, in their book "An Introduction to Logic and the Scientific Method”.Logic middle school better known by the formal term Logic. Logic formal basic ideas summarized in three laws or principles,and called as follows:

1) The law of identity
2) The law of contradiction
3) The law of the excluded middle

study of literature:

1.http://www.marxist.com/science/logicanddialectics.html

2.www.geocities.com/tiangbendera/KAJIAN/DariLogika.pdf

3.http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110687/formal-logic

4.http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/courses/v0051/aristote.html

5.http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristoteles